87

tbd"r®mydkYcscsuf

um,kZkuwmç pdwåKZkuwm/ rm,monf rdrdü½Sdaom tjypfudk zHk;vTrf;uG,fumí tjypfr½Sd[efjzifh 
    vdrfvnf 

vSnfhywf\/ 

omaX,sum; rdrdrSmr½Sdaom *kPfudk 

½Sdava,mif [dwf[efaqmifvsuf pOf;vJaumufuspf\/ ESpfyg;vHk;yif taumufÓPf tvdrfÓPf 
csnf;jzpfonf/ w&m;udk,frSm wPSmjy|mef;aom tukodkvfpdwåKyÜ'f[k qdkonf/ xdkrm,mESifh omaX 
,sudk wGef;vSefvsuf ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwfaom oabmonf um,kZkuwmç pdwåKZkuwm jzpfonf/
þ um,kZkuwmç pdwåKZkuwmaMumifh ½lyum,vnf; ½kd;om;ajzmifhrwf[ef ay:onf/

 

w&m;tm;xkwfí jzpfysufoabmudk odjrifaomtcg ,cifu olwyg;tay: rawmfrw&m;

jyKvkyfBuHpnf ajymqdkcJhaomfvnf; aemif'grsKd;rjzpfap&bl;[k pOf;pm;rdavonf/ þoabmonf 
um,kZkuwmç pdwåKZkuwm oabmyifwnf;/

(r[mpnfq&mawmf\ tbd"r®mw&m;awmfBuD;  93-96? oN*Ø[fbm#D 143-149)

0d&wd/ 'kp½kdufç 'k&mZD0 wdkYudk jyKcGifhBuKHvsuf rjyKusifhrIudk ]]0d&wd-a½SmifMuOf}}[k qdkonf/ 'kp½kduf
 

onf um,'kp½kduf 0pD'kp½kduf[k ESpfrsKd;½Sd\/  xdkESpfrsKd;vHk;yif   toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh

 

qufoG,faevQif 'k&mZD0 (raumif;aomtoufarG;rI) rnf\/  rkqdk;wHigvkyfívnf;aumif;ç

olcdk; 'g;jr vkyfívnf;aumif;ç tjcm;olu aiGGay;ojzifh 0rf;a&;twGuf rdpämpm&rIudk jyKívnf; 
aumif; toufarG;vQif xdkum,'kp½kdufrsm;onf 'k&mZD0csnf;wnf;/ rw&m;a½SUae rw&m;uGufpdyf 
q&mvkyfí toufarG;aomfvnf;aumif;ç olwyg;u aiGay;í toufarG;0rf;ausmif;twGuf &ef 
wdkufay;rI qJa&;rIjyKaomfvnf;aumif; xdk0pD'kp½kdufrsm;onf 'k&mZD0rnf\/ &[ef;rsm;\ ypönf;av; 
yg;twGuf jyKtyfaom ukv'loe taeoe rdpämZD0wdkYvnf; 'k&mZD0yifwnf;/ xdktoufarG;rIESifh 
rqufoG,fyJ owfjcif; oufoufvdrfjcif;ponfwdkYum; um,0pD'kp½kdufwdkYomjzpfí 'k&mZD0 rjzpf/

or®m0gpm/ or®m0gpmonf uxmç apwem 0d&wd tm;jzifh oHk;rsKd;½Sd\/ xdkwGif taMumif;tusKd; 
       ESifhpyfí tjypfuif;vwf aumif;jrwfaom pum;oHonf  uxmor®m0gpm rnf\/ xdk
aumif;aompum;udk ajymqdkaMumif;jzpfaom (0ka|m tbdnm r[mukodkvf r[mBud,ESifh,SOfaom)
apwemonf apwemor®m0gpmrnf\/ wpHkwck trItwGuf vdrfvnfvSnfhywfzdkY tcsuf 
ay:aygufae&mü xdkvdrfvnfrI  0pD'kp½kdufrS  a½SmifMuOfí   rSefaompum;udk   ajymqdkvdkufvQif 
xdkajymqdkaMumif; pdwåKyÜg'füvnf;aumif;  odkYr[kwf  rvdrfbJ qdwfqdwfaevdkufvQif qdwfqdwf   
aeaMumif; pdwåKyÜg'füvnf;aumif; a½SmifMuOfrI 0d&wdoabm yg\/    toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ESifh
rqufpyfaom xdka½SmifMuOfrIudk ]]or®m0gpm}}[k qdkonf/